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Technical Summary
What the project is about

Relevance
Ecological Agriculture in the Middle East

Cooperation
Working together in a troubled region

Sustainability
Water-saving crops of the future

Technical Objectives
See the plants

Evaluation
How the plants are doing

Project Map
See the sites

Format
Where and how

Current Status
Project timeline

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Observation germplasm

These are hardy plants suitable for arid and saline lands. Some of them are local indigenous species. Others have been introduced as ornamental plants. Still others are relatively unknown so little is known of their problems and potential.
A few plants of each species are included in the MERC plantings.
Species which show promise may be upgraded into the list of alternative cultivars.

Current Observation Species

Eucalyptus camaldulensis, The Blue Gum Tree A tall, vigorous and salt tolerant eucalyptus esteemed for medicinal properties of leaves and sap and the usefulness of poles cut from mature trees.
The Blue Gum



Balnaities aegypticus, The Balm Tree A local indigenous species native to sandy washes in southern Israel, western Jordan and the Sinai desert with a leathery trunk and leaves and a sticky date-like fruit which can be boiled and eaten or made into a fermented beverage. It is also the source of "balm" or a healing sap with curative properties.
The Balm Tree



Zisiphus spinochristii, the indigenous zisiphus species of the Rift, sometimes called the Domim Tree by Israelis, hardy, thorny and water thrifty with a reddish sweet fruit.
Zisiphus spinochristii



Zisiphus abyssinica, the endemic zisiphus species of the arid areas of the Horn of Africa, the fruit is small brownish and slightly astringent.
Zisiphus abyssinica



Santalum acuminatum, The Quandong, native to the southern part of the Australian continent, a tall slender tree with long leaves and an acerola-flavored bright red fruit that resembles a "live Xmas tree ornament", much esteemed for making kamaradin, jellies jams and pies.
The Quandong



Vitex payos, The "chocolate berry", of the SADC region of Africa. A tree with round leather-like leaves and fruits which resemble black olives. The strong smelling fruits are surprisingly pleasant to the taste, something like crumbled chocolate.
The "chocolate berry"



Berchemia discolor, The Birdplum, a small raisin-like fruit on a tree with dense soft foliage. The tree is very tolerant of heat and salt though not particularly cold hardy.
The Birdplum



Pappea capensis. The jacket plum, a bright, tart berry in a hardened jacket-like calyx which grows on a tall attractive tree, described as "a Macademia the size of an oak."
The jacket plum



Vangueria infausta, The wild medlar, a fig-like mealy fruit which grows on a large bush with felt-like pale green leaves, hairy on the undersides. Grows better in the shade of larger species.
The wild medlar



Termenalia sp. Mystery almonds, Sechellye almonds, these trees resemble the Indian almond Termanalia cattappa with interesting differences minor in fruit and foliage.
Termenalia



Flacortia indica, The Governor Plum, a round plum-like fruit red and red purple on a small bushy tree with heart-shaped, shiny leaves. Salt and heat tolerant inclined to lose leaves when temperature drop below 10 degrees C. though it does not become completely dormant.
The Governor Plum



Catha edulis , Small bright green tree with slightly fleshy bitter leaves, The leaves are chewed recreationally all over Arabia and Northeast Africa, also by some Jews of Yemenite descent in Israel. Users of fresh "Khat" leaves experience a feeling of well being, pain relief, relaxation and sociability. Some countries have banned the chewing of the fresh leaf. Dried Catha edulis is an important medicinal with anti infective, anti- aging qualities. A mild tea made of the leaves lowers blood pressure and reduces swelling in the mouth. Poultices of khat leaves have a curative effect on wounds.
Catha edulis



Moringa oleoides, The Salad Tree, an African tree of considerable beauty with edible foliage, medicinal bark and roots. The tree has tropical nature but does well in arid and saline areas if irrigated. It is a favorite of insects and wildlife and can be damaged when young by grazing wildlife.
The Salad Tree



Azanaza garckeana . African chewing gum, also known as the "snot apple", a tree with a dark trunk, attractive broad, angular leaves resembling the leave of the mallow but bigger and lighter in color and a fruit the center of which is a sticky jelly like substance which can be chewed like gum and has a sweet/tart refreshing flavor. Very tolerant of heat and salt though it seems to develop faster if planted in the shade of other trees.
African chewing gum





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For more information on this project, contact Dr. Solowey elaine@desertagriculture.org